Pollinator and herbivore effects on Erysimum

Erysimum capitatum (Brassicaceae) is a widespread and variable plant species with generalized pollination that is attacked by a number of herbivores. Lay et al.  find that individuals of E. capitatum are visited by diverse groups of pollinators and herbivores that shift in abundance and importance in time and space. Developmental mechanisms that allow plants to make iterative decisions about reproductive resource allocation over the course of the flowering season may be under selection in this species.