The biodiversity hotspot of New Caledonia is globally renowned for the diversity and endemism of its flora. Ibanez et al. compare the composition, the diversity and the structure of nine 1-ha plots of New Caledonian rainforests with fourteen 1-ha plots located across other tropical rainforests in Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands.

This provides the first such overview for the Southwest Pacific region. Rainforests of this region are highly diverse, even on a global scale. High stem densities, endemism and abundance of tree ferns are characteristics of New Caledonian rainforests.