Spatial separation of stamen and stigma (herkogamy) is an effective way for angiosperm species to reduce sexual interference and prevent self-pollination. It can however also reduce the possibility of pollinators...
Across the plant kingdom, there is an extraordinary diversity of flower forms, many of which are related to variation in the morphology and arrangement of reproductive organs. To prevent self-pollination, plants have...
Ramírez and Hokche evaluated the breeding system, sexual system, dichogamy and herkogamy of herbaceous-shrubby communities from the Gran Sabana Plateau, Venezuela
Habitat variations influence the richness and composition of insect guilds. This affects plant reproduction, which depends upon functional relationships with insects involving both pollination and predation. The impact...
Platycarya strobilacea (Juglandaceae) is heterodichogamous - based on observations of inflorescence architecture, sexual expression and pollination biology.
In Ruta graveolens each stamen elevates to above the flower’s centre for anther dehiscence and then falls back before the next stamen elevates, producing a one-by-one rising and falling pattern of movement. Ren and Tang...
Pollen-collecting bees are the most important pollinators globally, but are also the most common pollen thieves and can significantly reduce plant reproduction. Hargreaves et al. investigate whether floral...