Some plants tackle thieves and pollinators eating pollen by producing enough both to feed visitors and fertilise available ovules.
Tag - Gynodioecy
Juniper Kiss
Why bother with females?
Gynodioecy (coexistence of females and hermaphrodites) occurs in numerous flowering plants, so understanding its maintenance has wide importance.
AJ Cann
Costs of reproduction in a gynodioecious species
In gynodioecious species hermaphroditic plants coexist with female plants. Toivonen and Mutikainen find that experimentally increased reproductive output leads to differential costs of reproduction in the gynodioecious...
botanyone