Herkogamy, the spatial separation of sex organs in hermaphroditic plants, is thought to have evolved to reduce self-pollination and inbreeding within a population. Yet there has been little evidence to support these...
Senescence is the process of losing fitness when growing old, and is shaped by the trade-off between maintenance and reproduction that makes reproduction more unsure with age. Injury to the plant body, however, provides...
Variability of floral traits within individuals is usually regarded as developmental noise and not considered in studies of adaptive evolution. Dai et al. measure style deflexion, a floral trait in Passiflora incarnata...
Nectar robbing commonly has negative consequences for the reproductive success of plants. Because total plant fitness is the result of both female and male functions, Rojas-Nossa et al. studied the effect of nectar...