Tree rings record past environmental conditions, as well as the tree’s physiological response to those conditions. Although ring widths are easily measured indicators of annual tree growth, they are limited in...
Roots generally absorb water from the soil and transport it above ground to the stem, branches, etc. Where the soil is too dry for water to be absorbed by the roots, the roots might actually lose water to the soil and...
For too long, CAM [crassulacean acid metabolism, in which CO2 is fixed into an organic acid at night when stomata are open(!) in such plants and re-fixed via the Calvin–Benson–Bassham et al. Cycle – C3 photosynthesis...